EXAMINING MULTI-LEVEL POVERTY-CAUSING FACTORS OF FARM HOUSEHOLD

Community and household socioeconomic factors associated with pesticide-using, small farm household members' health: a multi-level, longitudinal analysis

BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies using multi-level models to examine health inequalities in lower and middle income countries (LMICs) are rare. We explored socio-economic gradients in health among small farm members participating in a pesticide-related health and agriculture program in highland Ecuador. METHODS We profiled 24 communities through key informant interviews, secondary data (percen...

Poverty and Environment: Understanding Linkages at the Household Level

Generating Relevant Household Level Data: Multi-Topic Household Surveys

As the other chapters in this volume demonstrate, the evaluation of the poverty impact of social and economic policy creates substantial data needs, from a variety of sources. Data needs range from those at the household level, to program and project specifics on inputs and outputs, to the administrative records maintained by line ministries to national budget allocations and expenditures. Ofte...

Poverty and household food security of black South African farm workers: the legacy of social inequalities.

OBJECTIVE To assess socio-economic indicators, nutritional status and living conditions of farm workers and their families, with the purpose to develop research and intervention programmes aimed at enhancing nutritional status and quality of life. DESIGN AND SETTING Three farm schools in two districts of the North-West Province and farming communities were selected. Anthropometrical measureme...

proficiency level and factors fostering reticence in efl learners

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...